German Verb Brauchen - Meaning and Conjugation

Transitive Verb Past Tense: Past Participle: Definition: to needHere brauchen is followed by an accusative object or phrase.Ich brauche einen neuen HutI need a new hat.Sie braucht mehr ZeitShe needs more time.Note: Do not confuse this definition of brauchen with gebrauchen. Even though you may hear it spoken at times (Ich gebrauche tà ¤glich acht Glà ¤ser Wasser), it is still grammatically wrong. You can however substitute brauchen for gebrauchen and vice versa in the next definition as follows. Definition: to use/useful forWith this definition you can often use brauchen and gebrauchen interchangeably, particularly with the verb kà ¶nnen. There is no difference in meaning.Kannst du das Geld brauchen?Would this money be useful to you?Kannst du das Geld gebrauchen? Heute bin ich zu nichts zu brauchen.I am of no use today.Heute bin ich zu nichts zu gebrauchen.But always the infinitive form brauchen needs to be used, in order to stick with the meaning of to use/useful for. Definition: not need toIn German, this translates to brauchen nicht zu infinitive of second verb:Ich brauche nicht meine Hausaufgaben zu tun - I dont need to do my homework.Sie brauchen meinen Sohn heute nicht abzuholen - You dont need to pick up my son today.In spoken German however, it is common to omit zu such as in Du brauchst das nicht kaufen, even though technically it is not grammatically correct. In written German though, zu is imperative. In fact there is a well-known Eselsbrà ¼cke (a help phrase) repeated often in schools to remind students of this grammatical slip-up:Wer brauchen ohne zu gebraucht, braucht brauchen gar nicht zu gebrauchen.Basically this phrase says: Use zu when using brauchen otherwise dont use brauchen at all.Brauchen zu Used Only In NegationAs youve probably observed, there are no statements with brauchen that express need to (-brauchen zu), thats because brauchen doesnt have any. It is only used with negated sentences. If you want to say I need to eat, for example, then you express it as Ich mus s essen and not Ich brauche zu essen. Strictly speaking, there is no literal translation in German of I need to eat, since mà ¼ssen, also means must.Du brauchst keine neue Schuhe zu kaufen. You dont need to buy new shoes.Du musst neue Schuhe kaufen.You need to buy new shoes. Phrases and Expressions with brauchen: gebraucht used, second-handein gebrauchter Wagen/ ein GebrauchtwagenEr ist zu allem zu brauchen.He is very handy to have around.

Abstract. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Are Ergogenic...

Abstract Anabolic Androgenic Steroids are ergogenic resources commonly used by athletes in search of better achievement performances. However, the use of these substances by non-athletes, for aesthetic purposes, have become a growing problem in gyms and sports centers. This conduct has favored the indiscriminate and abusive use of these steroids, exposing its users to health risks. Anabolic steroids are a subset of androgens, namely, synthetic compounds derived from testosterone, developed for therapeutic purposes. But these substances also have been used in sports, with the objective of improvement in physical performance, due to its great anabolic and reduced androgenic effect property. Therefore, these anabolic properties promote the†¦show more content†¦Testosterone exerts effects as androgenic and anabolic in an extensive variety of target tissues, including the reproductive system, the central nerve system, anterior pituitary gland, kidney, liver, muscles and heart (Hebert et a l., 1984; Shahidi, 2001; Sinha-Hikim et al., 2002). The Androgenic effects are responsible for the growth of the male reproductive tract and development of secondary sexual characteristics, while the anabolic effects stimulate nitrogen fixation and increase protein synthesis (Shahidi, 2001). The anabolic activity of testosterone and its derivatives is manifested primarily in your mycotrophic action, resulting in an increase to muscle mass by increasing the protein synthesis in the muscle (Kam, Yarrow, 2005) and by controlling body fat levels. The potential therapeutic value of anabolic activity of testosterone in various catabolic conditions have led to the synthesis of many derivatives which aims to prolong its biological activity, developing products ever less androgenic and more anabolic, called androgenic anabolic steroids. Therefore, anabolic steroids are a subset of androgens, namely synthetic testosterone derivatives, (Kam, Yarrow, 2005). Anabolic steroids were first developed for therapeutic purposes, as an example, for the treatment of patients with natural androgen deficiency, on surgeries’ recovery, muscle atrophies by improving nitrogen balance in catabolic states, preventing the loss of lean body mass and reducing the growthShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Clenbuterol As An Bangladeshi Aid3099 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract: There are many illicit drugs being used nowadays by athletes to enhance their physical performance in the sports they are engaged in. The use of such energy enhancing drugs is increasing day by day and that has given rise to the need of taking a look over various aspects of that drug and figuring out the legal and ethical aspects related with the use of that drug. One such drug which is nowadays becoming popular is Clenbuterol. In this study we investigate the role of Clenbuterol as an

Depression in Elderly People

Question: Describe about the depression in elderly people. Answer: 1. Beerens, H. C., Zwakhalen, S. M., Verbeek, H., Ruwaard, D., Hamers, J. P. (2013). Factors associated with quality of life of people with dementia in long-term care facilities: a systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, 50(9), 1259-1270 It appears to be a negative relation regarding self-rated quality of dementia and self-rated quality of people. The activities that of cognition, and determination of depressive symptoms and self-rated life quality assumes importance in this regard. On the other hand, depressive symptoms and dependency are in negative relation to proxy-rated life quality. Depression results from excessive fear of failing and exerts a significant bidirectional association with that of failures. Hence, both depression and fear of failing assume important proposition in the given perspective. The management of depression in the case of elderly people is challenging. The factual reality is antidepressant medications may increase the risk of depressions, and lack of rehabilitation scheme of things gives rise to a significant portion of depression amongst elder people. The scope of research performed in the light of mental illness of elders is somewhat limited. Very seldom quality researches have been perf ormed that investigates the relationship of change in the lifestyles of populace existing with depression in long-term care facility units. The results and detailed investigation suggest that depressive symptoms along with agitation are in close conformity to that of lower quality of life. The longitudinal studies determine multifarious factors that are relevant in alteration of quality of life over the time. Hence, this information is imperative for the augmentation of various interventions that aim to improve the quality of life and removal of depression symptoms amongst the elderly people. 2. Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet, 381(9868), 752-762 In cross-sectional studies, it was revealed that depressive symptoms are being negatively related to the life style and quality of life. The objective of the study is a determination of feature of life in the relation to elder life depression. The author aims to inspect and explore the factors that are associated with people living in dementia existing in long-term facilities. A negative association is observed regarding behavior of daily living and that of cognition. However, the fact of the matter is that in longitudinal researches, depressive symptoms have been depressingly related to that of self-quality of life. On the other hand, dependency along with depressive systems was related to proxy-related lifestyle. The factual reality is antidepressant medications may increase the risk of depressions, and lack of rehabilitation scheme of things gives rise to a significant portion of depression amongst elder people. On the other hand, use of apposite precautionary measures, including the likes of psychotropic monotherapy and monitoring for hypotension and hyponatremia. Nevertheless, the treatment of older people suffering from depression who are at risk offers opportunities for a detailed therapy into the degrees of allied ailments, the likes of osteoporosis and others. It may be deduced that regular behavioral therapy and cognitive healing are construed to be the first-line of treatment concerning depression of older people and elderly adults. 3. Hegeman, J. M., Kok, R. M., Van der Mast, R. C., Giltay, E. J. (2012). Phenomenology of depression in older compared with younger adults: a meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(4), 275-281. Hegeman introduced a systematic approach in different studies examining the relationship between the phenomenon of depression, regarding ICD, DSM, and other relevant criteria. As many as eleven papers have been assessed for investigation of the given proposition. The older depressed subjects the likes of depressed adults, in comparison to younger counterparts at a single level by usage of 24 item version related to Hamilton rating scale of depression for execution of meta-analysis. The results of this meta-analysis show a partly different phenomenology of late-life depression compared with early-life depression. Late-life depression is a common trait being observed amongst elderly people. The same has poor enduring prognosis more frequently catapulting into a chronic form of the disease. The relapse rate amongst elderly individuals in the light of depression is strikingly high. The age-related psychological factors and biological key aspects offer narrative to the given proposition. However, conceptual and methodological limitations of the reviewed studies, and the inherent subjectivity and bias proneness of narrative reviews might have had a role in this conclusion. Therefore, this meta-analysis of studies examines the phenomenology of depression at the single-item level of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), also known as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) or abbreviated to HAM-D. Abstract: The aforesaid discussion delves in analysis of nuances of depression amongst elderly people and portrays over detailed examination of reasons and treatment of the ailment. Various methodologies have been used with regard to depression and its implications amongst elder individuals. The parameters for identification of such disorder have been elucidated by the means of three journals mentioned above. The means of curing of depression in elderly offers clue as to how such issues may be addressed in the best possible manner, both clinically and non-clinical perspectives.